PSY1012 – 2167 Test 4 Solution

PSY1012 – 2167 Test 4

Instructions:  Enter the letter of the correct response to each question in the space beside the question.

__        1.      The components of personality identified by Sigmund Freud are:

1. the oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital periods.
2. the id, ego, and superego.
3. Eros and Thanatos.
4. the Oedipus and Electra complexes.
5. the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.

__        2.      In Freud’s view, failing to successfully resolve the conflict during a given          psychosexual period can result in a(n) ______, where the conflict/concern    persists beyond that stage and can influence later life.

1. erogenous zone
2. psychological investment
3. fixation
4. loss of unconditional positive regard
5. libidinal frenzy

__        3.      ______ is/are strategies that the ego uses to reduce anxiety caused by          unacceptable desires/impulses from the unconscious as well as from             external threats to our self-perception.

1. Dreams
2. Phrenology
3. Id manifestations
4. Ego stealth and deception
5. Defense mechanisms

__        4.      According to Alfred Adler, the process by which individuals seek to     overcome their real or perceived inferiorities is called:

1. compensation.
2. self-actualization.
3. an inferiority complex.
4. perfectionism.
5. the reality principle.

__        5.      Per trait theory:

1. Personality is determined by inner forces/conflicts about which people have little or no awareness/control.
2. Personality is composed of stable characteristics/behaviors that are displayed consistently across different situations.
3. People are inherently good and tend to strive toward higher levels of functioning.
4. Personality is a collection of learned behavior patterns.
5. Dimensions of our personality are fixed during the childhood period and can be changed only with great effort.

__        6.      ______ tests of personality attempt to determine an individual’s           feelings, desires, needs, and attitudes by asking the individual to             interpret an ambiguous stimulus.

1. Self-report
2. Paper-and-pencil
3. Behavioral
4. Projective

__        7.      The distinction between normal and abnormal behavior is very clear,

and trained professionals can easily identify both types.

1. True
2. False

__        8.      Historically, the therapeutic approach selected for the treatment of a   psychological disorder:

1. has been a hit-or-miss proposition.
2. has not been a critical consideration as all therapeutic interventions are                        equal in their effectiveness.
3. has been determined by what is believed to be the underlying cause of                         the condition.
4. has been left to the discretion of the patient/client.

__        9.      Limitation(s) of drug therapy for the treatment of psychological             disorders          include:

1. Psychosurgery and ECT are more effective.
2. Drugs only treat symptoms; they don’t cure the underlying condition.
3. The prescribed drugs are very expensive.
4. Many of the drugs that are used produce negative side-effects.
5. The prescribed drugs are not covered under most health plans.
6. A, C, and E.
7. B and D.
8. All of the above.

__        10.    ______ is an intervention technique that employs the principles of       operant          conditioning to change behavior.

1. Conditioned taste aversion
2. Counter-conditioning
3. Behavior modification / Applied Behavior Analysis
4. Scapegoating

__        11.    According to the ______ perspective, psychological disorders are       thought to arise from incorrect/inappropriate/dysfunctional thought        processes that people apply to the world and to themselves.

1. Humanistic
2. Psychodynamic
3. Medical
4. Cognitive
5. Integrative

__        12.    ______ refers to the belief that we can take control of and change a   situation.  It is an essential component of cognitive-behavioral therapy.

1. Self-efficacy
2. Self-esteem
3. Self-concept
4. Self-actualization
5. Self-control

__        13.    The ______ approach combines techniques from a number of different         therapies based on the provider’s judgment of which methods will provide        the greatest benefit to the patient.

1. rational-emotive
2. eclectic
3. dialectical
4. integrative

__        14.    The most prevalent (i.e., common) class of psychological disorders in            the US is:

1. mood disorders.
2. anxiety disorders.
3. personality disorders.
4. schizophrenia.
5. childhood disorders.

__        15.    The work of David Rosenhan, illustrates the extremely imprecise and             subjective nature of assessing/diagnosing “abnormal” behavior and       highlights how the expectations and biases of mental health           “professionals” can influence their diagnoses as well as their interactions      with/treatment of patients.

1. True
2. False

__        16.    ______ are practices, either positive or negative, that affect both         physical and psychological health.

1. Adaptive behaviors
2. Habits
3. Conscientious behaviors
4. Self-preservation behaviors
5. Health behaviors

__        17.    ______ and ______ are the two top killers of US adults.

1. Smoking, obesity
2. Homicide, suicide
3. Cardiovascular disease, cancer
4. Motor vehicle accidents, falls

__        18.    Happy/positive/optimistic people tend to be and psychologically healthier      and to live longer.

1. True
2. False

__        19.    Stress is a ______.

1. fact of modern life
2. precursor to most psychological disorders
3. perception
4. killer
5. all of the above

__        20.    Perceived control over an event, the desirability of an event, and/or the          effectiveness of our coping strategies/buffers influence our appraisal of the          stressfulness of the event.

1. True
2. False

__        21.    A single, strong, well-established strategy is the most effective way of            dealing with stress, as opposed to multiple, varied strategies.

1. True
2. False

__        22.    ______ is the process by which an individual or group comes to affect the     behavior of others.

1. Social Psychology
2. Social contagion
3. Social identity
4. Social influence

__        23.    ______ refers to how we think in social situations and the factors/       processes that influence our thinking.

1. Social awareness
2. Social cognition
3. Groupthink
4. Social competence
5. Socialization

__        24.    ______ occurs when membership in a group reduces one’s sense of identity and personal responsibility.

1. Social dilution
2. Loss of self-concept
3. Deindividuation
4. Social isolation
5. Group identification

__        25.    Objectification diminishes the human worth of a target, whether the target is             an individual or a group.

1. True
2. False