DAT 305: Data Structures for Problem Solving – Entire Course Solution

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DAT 305 Week 1 Discussion – Algorithms

Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member.

Due Thursday

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

Discuss an example of an algorithm. In general, is there only one correct algorithm for a given problem? Explain.

Due Monday

Post 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member. Be constructive and professional.

DAT 305 Week 2 Discussion – Recursive Binary Search

Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member.

Due Thursday

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

Discuss a situation in which you would use recursive binary search. What is the stopping condition in the recursive binary search?

Due Monday

Post 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member. Be constructive and professional.

DAT 305 Week 3 Discussion – Binary Search Tree

Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member.

Due Thursday

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

Another important property of a binary search tree is being able to easily find the maximum and minimum key in the tree. Discuss a simple rule to identify these keys. What is the output of a BFS traversal in a normal binary search tree if the key insert order is “1,2,3,4,5,6,7”?

OR

Explain the benefits a recursive algorithm can provide. What are the negative aspects of using recursion?

Due Monday

Post 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member. Be constructive and professional.

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DAT 305 Week 4 Discussion – Boyer-Moore String Search

Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member.

Due Thursday

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

Discuss how you would implement the Boyer-Moore string search algorithm to carry out a string search in literature.

Due Monday

Post 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member. Be constructive and professional.

DAT 305 Week 5 Discussion – Adjacency List Representation

Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member.

Due Thursday

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

Discuss the disadvantages of adjacency list representation of a weighted graph representation.

Due Monday

Post 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member. Be constructive and professional.

DAT 305 Week 1 Discussion – Analytics

Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to other students.

Due Thursday

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

Your work environment has multiple sources of information systems. These include Excel® spreadsheets, Word documents, Access database files, and even a Customer Relations Management (CRM) implementation.

Select and describe an Information Systems Data Source from a work environment with which you are familiar.

Provide an example, based on your experience or research, of what knowledge management could be gleaned and imported if a data algorithm searched files for key words in the company files.

Due Monday

Reply to at least 2 of your classmates. Be constructive and professional in your responses.

DAT 305 Week 2 Discussion – Test-Driven Development

Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to other students.

Due Thursday

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

Explain test-driven development and provide an example of how it can be used in your organization.

Due Monday

Reply to at least 2 of your classmates. Be constructive and professional in your responses.

DAT 305 Week 3 Discussion – Recursive Algorithms

Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to other students.

Due Thursday

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

Explain the benefits a recursive algorithm can provide. Use an example from a process in your organization or with which you are familiar.

Due Monday

Reply to at least 2 of your classmates. Be constructive and professional in your responses.

DAT 305 Week 4 Discussion – Sorting Algorithms

Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to other students.

Due Thursday

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

Discuss what you consider to be the first and second priority in a sorting algorithm and justify a key word or phrase to place in the string that is crucial.

Provide a short pseudocode example in your discussion post to defend your thoughts.

Explain your reasoning for selecting your first and second priorities.

Due Monday

Reply to at least 2 of your classmates. Be constructive and professional in your responses.

DAT 305 Week 5 Discussion – Different Ways to Traverse a Tree

Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to other students.

Due Thursday

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

Explain two different ways to traverse a tree and how beneficial or not each tree traversing algorithm could be to an organization.

Due Monday

Reply to at least 2 of your classmates. Be constructive and professional in your responses.

DAT 305 Week 1 Apply — Create a Table of Sorting Algorithms

Create a table of Sorting Algorithms for use as a personal reference or to use if you were explaining algorithms to a peer or coworker. zyBooks covers many sorting algorithms. For this assignment, select any four covered in zyBooks and use them for the basis of your assignment.

Instructions:

Create a table of Sorting Algorithms:

• Down the left side of the table, list the four sorting algorithm names covered in Week 1.
• In the next column (Description), give a brief description of the algorithm.
• In the next column (Benefits), list some of the benefits of using the sorting method.
• Note: You may also include pitfalls if you want to capture some of the downside of the method.
• In the next column (Uses), list some organizational uses for the method.
• When you are done, you should have a 1-page table.

Write a Narrative of the Table:

Write a one-half to 1-page narrative of the table (a narrative is simply a description of the table in writing) that could be used as a reference piece or for a teaching tool if you were explaining sorting algorithms to someone.

To complete this assignment, you may use the following template. You may also refer to the zyBook material and/or do your own research.

w1a1_APA_Template.doc

Submit your assignment in Microsoft Word format as an attachment.

DAT 305 Week 2 — Apply — Linked Lists

In this assignment, students will expand on the information provided in the course.

Answer the following in a 2- to 3-page paper:

1. Singly-linked list & doubly-linked list

• What is the difference between a singly-linked list and a doubly-linked list?
• In what situation would you use a singly-linked list over a doubly-linked list?
• In what situation would you use a doubly-linked list over a singly-linked list?

2. If a node is in a linked list with N nodes, how many nodes will be traversed during a search for the node?

• Explain the best- and worst-case search scenarios.
• Explain why a singly-linked list defines a RemoveAfter() function, while a doubly-linked list defines a Remove() function.
• Could a RemoveAfter() function also be defined for a doubly-linked list? Explain why or why not.
• Could a Remove() function also be defined for a singly-linked list? Explain why or why not.

Format your paper according to appropriate course-level APA guidelines.

Submit your paper.

DAT 305 Week 3 — Apply — Cryptographic Hash Function

In this assignment, students will expand on the information provided in the course.

Answerthe following in a 2- to 3-page paper:

• Define cryptographic hash function (CFH).
• List and define the main properties of an ideal cryptographic hash function.
• Give at least 2 applications or uses for a CFH (example: password verification) and a brief description of how it is used.

Format your paper according to appropriate course-level APA guidelines.

Submit your paper.

DAT 305: Data Structures For Problem Solving; Week 3 – Summative Assessment: Cryptographic Hash Function Reflection

Exam Content

Understanding cryptographic hash functions is important for your skills in programming and the ability to transmit data securely. In this week’s activities, you learned about cryptography and hashing algorithms. In this assessment, you reflect on your learning and consider how you could use these skills.

Complete the Wk 3a – Stacks and Queues and Wk 3b – Hash Tables assignments before starting this reflection.

Write a two pages reflection of this week’s learning. Consider the reading, participation, and challenge activities you completed this week and respond to the following:

• What did you learn about cryptographic hash functions (CHF)?
• What is their purpose in database design?
• How could you use CHF in new business apps?
• How does the hash function relate to data security in database design?

Cite any references according to APA guidelines.

DAT 305 Week 4 — Apply — Binary Search Tree — Algorithm Visualization

Accessthe BST Tree Simulator for this assignment.

Part I

You will validate 4.5.2, 4.5.3, and 4.5.4 Participation Activities in the tree simulator. You will submit screen captures of your trees, and at the end of this part, you will have 6 images in a single Microsoft® Word document to submit. At the end of the document, answer the questions presented for you below.

1. Click the Binary search tree visualization link. This will open in a separate window. Leave open.
2. In the zyBooks course, return to 4.5.2: BST insert algorithm Participation Activity. If possible, place the two windows side-by-side for easier visualization.
3. Enter the data you see in the 4.5.2 Participation Activity tree (20, 12, 23, 11, 21, 30) by Inserting each node in the simulator. Reflect on what you see. Is it the same as the tree in zyBooks? If different, how?
4. Validate 4.5.2 questions 1–4 again by using the simulator to “check” your answer. Screen capture and paste into a Microsoft® Word document.
5. Validate 4.5.3 questions 1–5 again, but this time use the simulator to “check” your answer. Screen capture each tree and paste it into a Microsoft® Word document. You will have four trees for this section.
6. Validate 4.5.4 questions 1–4 again, but this time use the simulator to “check” your answer. Screen capture each tree and paste it into Microsoft® Word document.
7. Reflect on your experience using the BST simulator by answering the questions at the bottom of your Microsoft® Word document with this insert algorithm complexity in mind:

• “The BST insert algorithm traverses the tree from the root to a leaf node to find the insertion location. One node is visited per level. A BST with N nodes has at least log2N levels and at most N levels. Therefore, the runtime complexity of insertion is best case O(logN) and worst case O(N).”
• Reflect on how you observed this behavior in the simulator. You can reference a specific participation activity in your response. If you use research in your answer, be sure to cite your sources.

Part II

You will validate the 4.6.1, 4.6.2, and 4.6.3 Participation Activities in the tree simulator. You will submit screen captures of your trees, and at the end of this part, you will have 6 images in a single Microsoft® Word document to submit. At the end of the document, answer the questions presented for you below.

1. In the zyBooks course, return to 4.6.1: BST remove algorithm Participation Activity. If possible, place the two windows side-by-side for easier visualization.
2. Enter the data you see in the 4.6.1 Participation Activity tree (19, 14, 25) by inserting each node in the simulator. Remove the leaf and reflect on what you see. Is it the same as the tree in the zyBooks simulation? If different, how?
3. Answer 4.6.1 questions 1–4 again, but this time use the simulator to “validate” your answer. Screen capture and paste into a Microsoft® Word document. Rather than answering the question in the participation activity again, use the simulator to answer and validate your answers.
4. Answer 4.6.2 questions 1–5 again, but this time use the simulator to “validate” your answer. Screen capture each tree and paste into a Microsoft® Word document. You will have four trees per for this section.
5. Answer 4.6.3 questions 1–4 again, but this time use the simulator to “validate” your answer. Screen capture and paste into a Microsoft® Word document.
6. Reflect on your experience using the BST simulator by answering the questions at the bottom of your Microsoft® Word document, with this remove algorithm complexity in mind:

• “The BST remove algorithm traverses the tree from the root to find the node to remove. When the node being removed has 2 children, the node’s successor is found and a recursive call is made. One node is visited per level, and in the worst-case scenario, the tree is traversed twice from the root to a leaf. A BST with N nodes has at least log2N levels and at most N levels. Therefore, the runtime complexity of removal is best case O(logN) and worst case O(N). Two pointers are used to traverse the tree during removal. When the node being removed has 2 children, a third pointer and a copy of one node’s data are also used, and one recursive call is made. Thus, the space complexity of removal is always O(1).”
• Reflect on how you observed this behavior in the simulator. You can reference a specific participation activity in your response. If you use research in your answer, be sure to cite your sources.

Submit your two-part assignment.

DAT 305: Data Structures For Problem Solving; Week 5 – Summative Assessment: Data Structures Reflection

Exam Content

As a programmer or software developer, the ability to organize and manage the data efficiently and optimally to solve the intended problem is vital. In this week’s participation and challenge activities, you learned about the foundational data structures and algorithms useful for your career. In this assessment, you reflect on your learning and consider how to further develop your skills.

Complete the Wk 5a – Graphs, Wk 5b – More Graphs, and Wk 5c – Algorithms assignments before starting this reflection.

Write a TWO pages reflection that describes what you learned while completing the participation and challenge activities, including the following:

• What terms, definitions, and concepts do you recall learning about data structures and algorithms?
• How did learning these terms, definitions, and concepts help you complete the participation and challenge activities in zyBooks?
• What concepts did you find difficult to understand? How do you plan to develop competency in those areas?
• How will your understanding of these concepts and terms assist you in your future courses and in your career?

Format any references according to APA guidelines.

Submit your assessment.

DAT 305 Week 5 — Apply — Cumulative Exam

Question 1

A linked list stores items in an unspecified order.

Question 2

A node in binary tree can have zero, one, or two children.

Question 3

A list node’s data can store a record with multiple subitems.

Question 4

Items stored in an array can be accessed using a positional index.

Question 5

The statement below that assigns x with y is a constant time operation.

y = 10

x = y

Question 6

A loop is never a constant time operation.

Question 7

Integers will be placed into buckets based on the 1’s digit. More buckets are needed for an array with one thousand integers than for an array with one hundred integers.

Question 8

Consider integers X and Y, such that X < Y. X will always be in a lower bucket than Y.

Question 9

All integers from an array could be placed into the same bucket, even if the array has no duplicates.

Question 10

When sorting an array of n 3-digit integers, RadixSort’s worst-case time complexity is O(n).

Question 11

When sorting an array with n elements, the maximum number of elements that RadixSort may put in a bucket is n.

Question 12

RadixSort has a space complexity of O(1).

Question 13

Given a list with items 40, 888, -3, 2, what does GetLength(list) return?

1.

4

2.

Fails

Question 14

Given a list with items ‘Z’, ‘A’, ‘B’, Sort(list) yields ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘Z’.

Question 15

If a list ADT has operations like Sort or PrintReverse, the list is clearly implemented using an array.

Question 16

Each node in a doubly-linked list contains data and _____ pointer(s).

1.two

2.one

Question 17

Given a doubly-linked list with nodes 20, 67, 11, node 20 is the _____.

1.head

2.tail

Question 18

Given a doubly-linked list with nodes 4, 7, 5, 1, node 7’s previous pointer points to node _____.

1.

4

2.

5

Question 19

Given a doubly-linked list with nodes 8, 12, 7, 3, node 7’s next pointer points to node _____.

1.

12

2.

3

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Question 20

ListTraverse begins with _____.

1.a specified list node

2.the list’s head node

3.the list’s tail node

Question 21

Given numList is: 5, 8, 2, 1.

ListTraverse(numsList) visits _____ node(s).

1.one

2.two

3.four

Question 22

ListTraverse can be used to traverse a doubly-linked list.

Question 23

The length of an array-based list equals the list’s array allocation size.

Question 24

An item can be appended to an array-based list, provided the length is less than the array’s allocated size.

Question 25

Given rosterQueue: 400, 313, 270, 514, 119, what does GetLength(rosterQueue) return?

Question 26

Which operation determines if the queue contains no items?

1.IsEmpty

2.Peek

Question 27

Given parkingQueue: 1, 8, 3, what are the queue contents after Peek(parkingQueue)?

1.

1, 8, 3

2.

8, 3

Question 28

Given parkingQueue: 2, 9, 4, what are the contents of the queue after Pop(parkingQueue)?

1.9, 4

2.2, 9, 4

Question 29

Given that parkingQueue has no items (i.e., is empty), what does GetLength(parkingQueue) return?

1.-1

2.0

3.Undefined

Question 30

A 100 element hash table has 100 _____.

1.items

2.buckets

Question 31

A hash function computes a bucket index from an item’s _____.

1.integer value

2.key

Question 32

For a well-designed hash table, searching requires _____ on average.

1.O(1)

2.O(N)

3.O(log N)

Question 33

A company will store all employees in a hash table. Each employee item consists of a name, department, and employee ID number. Which is the most appropriate key?

1.Name

2.Department

3.Employee ID number

Question 34

Encryption and decryption are synonymous.

Question 35

Cryptography is used heavily in internet communications.

Question 36

The Caeser cipher is an encryption algorithm that works well to secure data for modern digital communications.

Question 37

A file in a file system tree is always a leaf node.

Question 38

A directory in a file system tree is always an internal node.

Question 39

Using a tree data structure to implement a file system requires that each directory node support a variable number of children.

Question 40

BSTInsert will not work if the tree’s root is null.

Question 41

BSTReplaceChild will not work if the parent pointer is null.

Question 42

BSTRemoveKey will not work if the key is not in the tree.

Question 43

BSTRemoveNode will not work to remove the last node in a tree.

Question 44

BSTRemoveKey uses BSTRemoveNode.

Question 45

BSTRemoveNode uses BSTRemoveKey.

Question 46

BSTRemoveNode may use recursion.

Question 47

BSTRemoveKey will not properly update parent pointers when a non-root node is being removed.

Question 48

All calls to BSTRemoveNode to remove a non-root node will result in a call to BSTReplaceChild.

Question 49

The longer a street is, the more vertices will be needed to represent that street.

Question 50

Using the physical distance between vertices as edge weights will often suffice in contexts where the fastest route needs to be found.

Question 51

Navigation software would have no need to place a vertex on a road in a location where the road does not intersect any other roads.

Question 52

If navigation software uses GPS to automatically determine the start location for a route, the vertex closest to the GPS coordinates can be used as the starting vertex.

Question 53

Suppose a graph is used to represent airline flights. Vertices represent airports and edge weights represent flight durations. The weight of an edge connecting two airport vertices may change based on _____.

1.flight delays

2.weather conditions

3.flight cost

Question 54

Suppose a graph is used to represent airline flights. Vertices represent airports and edge weights represent flight durations. Edges in the graph could potentially be added or removed during a single day’s worth of flights.

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Question 55

If the MakeChange function were to make change for 101, what would be the result?

1.101 pennies

2.4 quarters and 1 penny

3.3 quarters, 2 dimes, 1 nickel, and 1 penny

Question 56

A greedy algorithm is attempting to minimize costs and has a choice between two items with equivalent functionality: the first costing $5 and the second costing $7. Which will be chosen?

1.The $5 item

2.The $7 item

3.The algorithm needs more information to choose

Question 57

A greedy algorithm always finds an optimal solution.