NRS-445: Nursing Research and Evidence Based Practice – Topic 1 – 5 Solution

NRS-445: Nursing Research and Evidence Based Practice

NRS-445 Topic 1: Evidence-Based Practice and the History and Elements of Nursing Research

NRS-445 Topic 1: Literature Evaluation Table

Student Name:

Faculty Name:

Background of Nursing Practice Problem (one paragraph; no more than 250 words):

PICO(T) Question: Use the PICOT question developed in Topic 1 Discussion Question (DQ) 2 and refine it as needed.

PICO(T) Question Template
P	Population
I	Intervention
C	Comparison
O	Outcome
T	Timeline (optional)
Intervention
In_______________(P), how does _______________ (I) compared to _______________ (C) affect _______________ (O) within______________(T)?
Problem Statement
It is not known if the implementation of __________________(I) would impact ______________ _______________(O) among ___________ (P).

 

Criteria	Article 1	Article 2	Article 3	Article 4
APA Reference Include the GCU permalink or working link used to access the article
Purpose/Aim of Study
Research question(s)
Design Is the article qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods? Explain how you determined the type of research design.
Setting Where did the study take place? What type of setting: inpatient, outpatient, etc.?
Sample Number and characteristics of participants
Methods Interventions/Instruments
Analysis How were the collected data analyzed?
Outcomes/key findings of the study and implications for nursing practice Summary of study results
Recommendations of the researcher
Explain how this article supports your proposed PICO(T) question.

NRS-445 Topic 1 Assignment: Research Terminology and Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

Assessment Traits

Complete the “Research Terminology and Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)” quiz. You will have 60 minutes to complete the quiz. You will have one opportunity to attempt the quiz, and it cannot be reopened once started.

Research Terminology and Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Quiz

What is a hypothesis?

What is a literature review?

Describe qualitative research.

Explain the concept of reliability in research.

NRS 445 Topic 1 DQ 1

Assessment Description

After reviewing the course textbook, summarize the history of nursing research. Discuss the importance of nursing research as it relates to applying evidence in practice (evidence-based practice).

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-I3SN Participation Rubric” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.

NRS 445 Topic 1 DQ 2

Assessment Description

The first step of the evidence-based practice process is to evaluate a nursing practice environment to identify a nursing problem in the clinical area. When a nursing problem is discovered, the nurse researcher develops a clinical guiding question to address that nursing practice problem.

For this discussion question, you will create a clinical guiding question known as a PICOT question. The PICOT question must be relevant to a nursing practice problem (coordination of health care, assessment, education, patient support, trauma prevention, recovery, health screenings, etc.).

After reviewing the relevant topic materials:

Select a nursing practice problem of interest.

Develop a PICOT question using the template and example provided below.

Identify two articles, one qualitative and one quantitative, related to the problem of interest. Provide an APA-formatted reference for each article, and explain how each relates to your PICOT question. Be sure to identify which article is qualitative and which article is quantitative. These articles may be used in this week’s assignment.

PICOT question intervention format:

In ______ (Population), how does ______ (Intervention) compared to ______ (Comparison) ______ affect (Outcome) within ______ (Time, optional)?

NRS-445 Topic 2: Research Ethics and Evaluating Qualitative Research

NRS-445 Topic 2: Benchmark – Ethical Conduct of Scholarly Activities

For this assignment, students will read the two case studies that follow and then complete the application of the Belmont Principles case study tables for each case study as well as a personal reflection at the end.

Background: The Belmont Report is a foundational document in the field of research ethics. It was created in response to ethical concerns raised by the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and other research studies that exploited vulnerable populations. The Belmont Report outlines three core ethical principles for research involving human subjects: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Institutional review boards (IRBs) are responsible for ensuring that research studies comply with these ethical principles. The Belmont Report has had a significant impact on the formation and function of IRBs.

IRBs use the principles outlined in the Belmont Report as a framework for understanding and evaluating the ethical implications of research studies. The principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice are used to guide decision-making around issues such as informed consent, risk-benefit analysis, and the selection of human subjects. Overall, the Belmont Report has played a crucial role in shaping the ethical standards for research involving human subjects.

Assignment Focus: The focus of this assignment is to allow the student to apply the principles detailed in the Belmont Report to case studies involving human subjects in research or a quality improvement project. Emphasis is placed on developing and demonstrating an understanding of the role of the nurse researcher or quality improvement project manager as an effective facilitator of ethical principles in human-subjects research or quality improvement projects.

Resources: Review the “NRS-445 The Belmont Report Lecture” to gain a better understanding of the Belmont Report and the role it plays in conducting research.

Case Study 1: An Experimental Trial Worth Taking?

Life-threatening cancers can end a person’s life within a matter of weeks to months. Experimental procedures such as a combination of immunotherapy and the novel medication guadecitabine are currently being investigated in a clinical trial. In 8% of cases, the treatment has been highly successful. In one documented case, a woman with breast, colon, and lung cancers with poor odds of survival agreed to partake in receiving the experimental therapy. The experimental therapy compellingly treated the tumors; she has been cancer-free for six years. Regrettably, the treatment does not affect most people, and significant risk is involved: in some trials, the patients suffered immediate cardiac failure.

Another woman diagnosed with aggressive cancer, who doctors estimate will live for five months, has inquired about pursuing this therapy. In an extensive informed consent process over a three-week period, she and her spouse are given all the evidence-based background, the risks and benefits, and more. Once the informed consent process is completed, the woman wants to seek the experimental treatment, but her spouse does not support the decision. The woman and her spouse are from a cultural background in which the male partner of the family decides the important choices, and the pair are devoted to their cultural beliefs.

Reflection Points: Should researchers accept this woman into the clinical trial to receive the experimental therapy?

Case 2: Send Me a Message When You Can!

In an African nation, one in seven adults has HIV. Treatment is not accessible to everyone who needs it, and researchers are engrossed in creating effective, economical treatment methods for patients with HIV. The research of new drugs for HIV encounters the issue of the mobility of many African people because many people move from one area to another due to employment, political unrest, or the need to find housing.

This issue makes regular contact with research participants challenging. Often, researchers are concerned that their participants will instruct their family members to obtain the experimental drugs they are supposed to have, rather than obtaining the drugs themselves, to split the treatment. This jeopardizes the research and curative value of the medication, which should be taken regularly.

Researchers suggest the use of technology to remedy multiple issues. They will scan the participants’ fingerprints and include them in an electronic database for proof that each participant is included in the research study before obtaining treatments. Researchers will also give participants mobile phones to allow the researchers to send text message reminders to participants about their study appointments and to allow rescheduling of visits. GPS tracking will be on the phones to allow researchers to locate participants when necessary, so that they can see the participants in person.

Reflection Points: Should research be conducted as described above explained? Is technology the only way to mitigate the impact of equity issues in research?

View the answers to; NUR4636C – Clinical Reasoning and Personalized Nursing Care: Population Health.

Application of the Belmont Principles: Case Study 1

Belmont Report principles and the components of each principle	Explain how the case meets the components of each principle.	Explain how the case does not meet the components of each principle.	What steps can the nurse researcher or quality improvement manager take to adhere to the ethical principles identified in the Belmont Report?
Respect for Person ·       Respect the right to choose, hold views, and act according to personal beliefs. ·       Protect those with decreased capacity to make their own choice. ·       Ensure voluntary participation. ·       Provide informed consent, explaining harms and benefits.
Beneficence ·       Minimize the harm/risks to the greatest extent possible. ·       Maximize the potential benefits. ·       Ensure that the rights and well-being of the patient take precedence over the needs of science.
Justice ·       Justly distribute the benefits and burdens of the research. Guard against using vulnerable populations. ·       Ensure a fair selection of research participants. ·       Guard against coercion and undue influence. ·       Avoid potential financial or other conflicts of interest.

Application of the Belmont Principles: Case Study 2

Belmont Report principles and the components of each principle.	Explain how the case meets the components of each principle.	Explain how the case does not meet the components of each principle.	What steps can the nurse researcher or quality improvement manager take to adhere to the ethical principles identified in the Belmont Report?
Respect for Person ·       Respect the right to choose, hold views, and act according to personal beliefs. ·       Protect those with decreased capacity to make their own choice. ·       Ensure voluntary participation. ·       Provide informed consent, explaining harms and benefits.
Beneficence ·       Minimize the harm/risks to the greatest extent possible. ·       Maximize the potential benefits. ·       Ensure that the rights and well-being of the patient take precedence over the needs of science.
Justice ·       Justly distribute the benefits and burdens of the research. Guard against using vulnerable populations. ·       Ensure a fair selection of research participants. ·       Guard against coercion and undue influence. ·       Avoid potential financial or other conflicts of interest.

Personal Reflection

In less than 250 words, discuss how the ethical principles from the Belmont Report align with the Christian worldview. Reflect on your current nursing practice and describe how these ethical principles align with your nursing practice.

<Type answer here>

NRS-445 Topic 2 DQ 1

Assessment Description

The three types of qualitative research designs are phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research. Compare the differences and similarities between two of the three types of qualitative studies and give an example of each.

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.

NRS-445 Topic 2 DQ 2

Assessment Description

Select a qualitative research article, different than the one you used in Topic 1, focusing on a clinical nursing problem of your choice. Use this research article to address the following questions:

1. Provide an APA reference of the article including a GCU permalink or working link used to access the article.
2. Study design: How did you determine that the article is qualitative? What study methodology is used?
3. Using the “CASP Qualitative Checklist,” found in topic Resources, evaluate the study. Based on your findings, summarize the critical appraisal of the selected research article.

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.

NRS-445 Topic 3: Research Ethics and Evaluating Quantitative Research

NRS-445 Topic 3 Assignment: Rough Draft – Research Critiques and Evidence-Based Practice Proposal

Assessment Description

The purpose of this assignment is to synthesize a literature review that will be used to draw conclusions in order to propose an evidence-based practice change to address your identified nurse practice problem.

Using the “Literature Evaluation Table” assignment in Topic 1, and accompanying faculty feedback, you will synthesize the information created for your PICOT question into a literature review and evidence-based proposal.

In a 1,500-1,750-word paper, provide an overview that illustrates the research related to your particular PICOT question.

Use the following components from the “Literature Evaluation Table” to complete the assignment:

• Identified practice problem
• Two qualitative peer-reviewed research articles
• Two quantitative peer-reviewed research articles

Use the “Research Critiques and Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Guidelines” document to organize your paper.

You are required to cite a minimum of four peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the past 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

NRS-445 Topic 3 DQ 1

Compare independent variables, dependent variables, and extraneous variables. Describe two ways that researchers attempt to control extraneous variables. Provide an example of how this is applied using a peer-reviewed, primary research article.

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.

NRS-445 Topic 3 DQ 2

Select a research article that uses a randomized controlled trial focusing on a clinical nursing problem of your choice. Use this research article to address the following questions:

1. Provide an APA reference of the article including a GCU permalink or working link used to access the article.
2. Using the “CASP Randomized Controlled Trial Checklist,” found in topic Resources, evaluate the study. Based on your findings, summarize the critical appraisal of the selected research article.
3. Do the benefits of the experimental intervention outweigh the harms and costs? Identify and discuss one other ethical consideration applicable to quantitative research studies such as this one.

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.

NRS-445 Topic 4: Statistics and Appraisal of Evidence

NRS-445 Topic 4 DQ 1

Statistical significance refers to the likelihood that the results of a study are not due to chance, while clinical significance refers to the practical importance of the results in terms of their impact on patient care. In other words, statistical significance is a measure of the strength of the evidence, while clinical significance is a measure of the relevance of the evidence to real-world situations.

Using a quantitative research article from one of the previous topics, analyze the p-value. What is it? Is it statistically significant? If your p-value is not statistically significant, what is the clinical significance? Generalizability of research depends on a variety of factors. List three factors of generalizability, and discuss whether this research article is generalizable to the nursing problem you are researching.

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.

NRS-445 Topic 4 DQ 2

Describe the influence “levels of evidence” have on practice changes. Identify the most reliable level of evidence and provide an example of the type of practice change that could result from this level of evidence.

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.

NRS-445 Topic 5: Characteristics of Nursing Research Utilization and Evidence-Based Practice

NRS-445 Topic 5 Assignment: Final Draft – Research Critiques and Evidence-Based Practice Proposal

The purpose of this assignment is to incorporate the instructor-recommended revisions or changes from the Topic 3 “Rough Draft – Research Critiques and Evidence-Based Practice Proposal” to develop a 1,500-1,750-word final draft.

Use the “Research Critiques and Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Guidelines” document to organize your essay. Questions under each heading should be addressed in the structure of a formal paper.

You are required to cite a minimum of four peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the past 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

NRS-445: Research Critiques and Evidence-Based Practice Change Proposal Guidelines

Introduction

• Introduce your nursing practice problem and discuss the purpose of your paper.
• State your updated PICOT question incorporating any feedback that you received from your instructor.

Method of Studies

• State the methods of the four articles you are comparing and describe how each method helps answer the associated research question.

Results of Studies/Key Findings

• Summarize the key findings of the four studies.

Outcomes Comparison

• What are the anticipated outcomes for your PICOT question?
• How do the outcomes of the four articles you chose compare to your anticipated outcomes?

Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change

• What is the link between the PICOT question, the research articles, and the nursing practice problem you identified?
• Based on this information, propose an evidence-based practice change to improve outcomes of patient care for your identified setting.
• Suggest one way to assess outcomes for the proposed practice change to determine whether or not it is effective.

Conclusion

• Your conclusion should summarize the main points in the essay, including a varied restatement of the thesis.

NRS-445 Topic 5 DQ 1

Assessment Description

The theoretical foundations of qualitative and quantitative methods are very different, but many researchers believe both methods should be used in research studies to increase validity and reliability. What advantages or disadvantages do you see in using both types of methods in a nursing study? Provide an example of a nursing practice problem that could be studied using a mixed methods approach.

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.

View the answers to; NUR4815 – Professional Nursing Transformation.

NRS-445 Topic 5 DQ 2

Assessment Description

According to the textbook, nurses in various settings are adopting a research-based (or evidence-based) practice that incorporates research findings into their decisions and interactions with patients. Analyze the role nurses play in improving health care quality and safety through the use of evidence-based practice (ESP). How do you see this role being applied in your workplace? What internal stakeholder perspectives would you need to consider, including stakeholder support, in order to successfully implement an EBP project in your workplace?

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.

View answers to NRS-445: Nursing Research and Evidence Based Practice on YouTube;